Sum and Difference of Numbers (Sum ka pa Technique)

Problem 1
The sum of two equal numbers is 42. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let the number be x.

x + x = 42 ; since both number are equal and represented by x

2x = 42 ;isang x dagdagan ng isa pang x, bale dalawang x

x = 21

The numbers are 21 and 21.

Checking: 21 + 21 = 42 .

Problem 2
The sum of two equal numbers is 96. What are the numbers?

Solution:

x + x = 96

2x = 96

x = 48

The numbers are 48 and 48.

Problem 3
The sum of two consecutive numbers is 57. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Kapag sinabing consecutive o magkasunod na numero, ibig sabihin nun ay mas mataas na isa ang kasunod na numero.Halimbawa 5 at 6, 100 at 101, 25 at 26..basta magkasunod,plus 1 iyong mas mataas na numero
Pero dito sa problem, hindi natin alam ang number kaya

Let first number = x

Second number = x + 1 ; tandaan magkasunod kaya dinagdagan natin ng isa

x + (x + 1) = 57

2x + 1 = 57

2x = 56

x = 28

x+1 = 29

The numbers are 28 and 29.

Checking: 28 + 29 = 57

Problem 4
The sum of two consecutive even numbers is 50. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Ang even number ay numero na pwede mo hatiin gaya ng 2,4,6,8,10 o nag-eend sa 0.2.4.6 at 8.
Kapag sinabing magkasunod na even number, dalawa naman ang pagitan nila.Halimbawa.2 at 4, 10 at 12,18 at 20, etc.
Pero hindi nga natin alam ang number,kaya

Let first even number = x

Second even number = x + 2 ; tandaan, dalawa ang pagitan nila kaya plus 2

x + (x + 2) = 50

x + x + 2 = 50

2x + 2= 50

2x = 50 - 2 ;lipat sa kabila ang 2 pero opposit operation,from add to subtract.

2x = 48

2x = 48 ;lipat sa kabila ang 2 pero this time from multiplication to division naman.

x = 48/2

x = 24

x +2 = 26

The numbers are 24 and 26.

24 + 26 = 50.


Same solution din kapag two consecutive odd number pero ang sagot dapay ay odd number.

Problem 5
The sum of two numbers is 78. One number is 12 more than the other. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let the smaller number be x.

The larger number is x + 12.

x + (x + 12) = 78

2x + 12 = 78

2x = 66

x = 33

Larger number = 33 + 12 = 45

The numbers are 33 and 45.



Another way to solve this mentally is to think of a stick instead of a number.Simply conside the numbers as the length of the stick.

Imagine mo,dalawang stick pag pinagdugtong mo at ang naging haba is 78..Pero mas mahaba ang isang stick by 12.

Gawin natin,bawasan natin ng 12 ang isang stick para maging magkasing-haba ang dalawang stick.

Bale meron na tayong tatlong stick, dalawang magkasing-haba at iyong pinutol natin na 12

Yung magkasing haba,hindi natin alam ang sukat pero tawagin natin na x, tapos ung pinutol natin na 12.

Kung ilalgay natin sa equation iyong dalawang magkasing-haba at yung 12 na pinag-dugtung natin. Ito ay

x + x + 12 = 78


Ngayon alisin natin ang 12,ibig sabihin, hindi na 78 ang total na haba ng pinagdugton ng dalawang natiran stick.Mas maigsi na sya kasi inalis natin ang pangatlong stick

So gaano na lang kahaba ngayon ang dalawang stick after natin alisin ang 12,

That is 78 ang tatlong stick bawasan ng isang stick na may habang 12, magiging 78-12=66 na lang.

kapag nilagay natin sa equation ulit ang tatlong stick at pagkatapos ay inalis natin ang stick na may habang 12,ito ay magiging

x + x + 12 = 78

x + x = 78 -12 ;binawasan natin parehas.inalis nating ang stick na 12 ang haba, at binawasan din natin ng 12 sa total na haba nila.Mas maigse na ngayon syempre ang dalawang stick.

x + x = 66 ,since pantay naman ang dalawang stick at 66 ang haba pag dugtong sila.Hatiin lang natin ang 66 para makuha ang haba ng bawat isang stick/p>

x = 66/2 = 33

Problem 6
The sum of two numbers is 66. One number is twice the other. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let the smaller number be x.

The larger number is 2x.

x + 2x = 66

3x = 66

x = 22

Larger number = 2(22) = 44

The numbers are 22 and 44.



Another way to solve this mentally is isipin mo na may dalawang stick ulit.Isang maigsi at isang mahaba..

Doble daw ng maigsi ang mahaba, pero pwede din natin sabihin na kalahati ng mahaba ang maigsi

So kapag hinati pala natin ang mas mahaba, ito ay kasi sukat ng maigsi.

Bale magkakaroon ngayon ng tatlong magkakasing-haba na stick.Yung original na migsi at ung hinati natin na mahaba. Lahat sila ay magkasing haba na ngayon

Puting it in equation

x + 2x = 66 ; dalawang stick

x + x + x = 66 ;hinati natin ang mas mahaba, bale tatlong magkakasing haba na sila

x = 66/3 = 22 ;ito ang sukat ng maigsing stick

Checking: 22 + 44 = 66

Problem 7
The sum of three consecutive numbers is 81. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let the first number be x.

The next numbers are x + 1 and x + 2.

x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 81

x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 81

3x + 3 = 81

3x = 78

x = 26

The numbers are 26, 27, and 28.

Problem 8
The sum of two numbers is 88. One number is 3 times the other minus 12. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let smaller number = x

Larger number = 3x − 12

x + (3x − 12) = 88

4x − 12 = 88

4x = 88 + 12

4x = 100

x = 100/4 = 25

Larger number = 63

The numbers are 25 and 63.



If you like to put it in a scenario of a stick like the previous problems..

Ang objective natin dito ay alamin ang sukat ng pinaka-maigse kasi sya ang nagrerepresent ng x

Pwede mo isipin na dagdagan ang haba nung 3x-12 ng 12 so magingging 3x-12+12 or 3x na lang

so pag pinagdugtong mo ito,mas mahaba na ito sa 88,ito ay magiging 88+12=100 na

x + 3x - 12 = 88

x + 3x - 12 + 12 = 88 + 12 ;dinagdagan natin ng 12 para mas madali magcompare ng dalawang stick which is ang maigsing stick ay 3x ng mahabang stick.Mas simple ang comparison ng dalawang stick.

x + 3x = 100 ; pero syempre mas humaba na sila, at least madali natin makita ang comparison ng dalawang stcik

x = 100/4 = 25 ; mas madali natin na makuha ang haba ng shortest stick

The numbers are 25 and 63.

Problem 9
The sum of two numbers is 108. One number is 18 less than 5 times the other. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let smaller number = x

Larger number = 5x − 18

x + (5x − 18) = 108

6x − 18 = 108

6x = 108 + 18

6x = 126

x = 21

Larger number = 87

The numbers are 21 and 87.

Problem 11
The sum of two numbers is 100. One number is 16 more than three times the other. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let smaller number = x

Larger number = 3x + 16

x + (3x + 16) = 100

4x + 16 = 100

4x = 100 - 16

4x = 84

x ≈ 21

3x + 16 ≈ 3(21) + 16 = 79

The numbers are 21 and 79.

Problem 12
The sum of two numbers is 140. One number is 14 more than twice the other. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let smaller number = x

Larger number = 2x + 14

x + (2x + 14) = 140

3x + 14 = 140

3x = 126

x = 42

Larger number = 98

The numbers are 42 and 98.

Problem 13
The sum of three numbers is 194. The second number is 10 more than the first, and the third number is twice the second. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let first number = x

Second number = x + 10

Third number = 2(x + 10)

x + (x + 10) + 2(x + 10) = 194

4x + 30 = 194

4x = 164

x = 41

The numbers are 41, 51, and 102.

Problem 14
The sum of three numbers is 210. The second number is 15 less than the first, and the third number is 2 times the first plus 25. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let first number = x

Second number = x − 15

Third number = 2x + 25

x + (x − 15) + (2x + 25) = 210

4x + 10 = 210

4x = 200

x = 50

The numbers are 50, 35, and 125.

Problem 15
The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 60 years. The son's age is 1/2 of the father's age. What are their ages?

Solution:

Let the father's age = x.

The son's age = 1/2 x.

x + 1/2x = 60

3/2x = 60

x = 40

Son's age = 1/2(40) = 20

Father = 40 years old

Son = 20 years old